Faculty, practitioners, and senior leaders at rural serving institutions can use these journal articles, reports, videos, and more to improve their own effectiveness and help fulfill their university's missions. Special thanks to Alex Staub, a PhD student at Purdue University studying higher education and Campus Compact intern, for his role in curating and bringing structure to these valuable resources. 

If you are affiliated with a Campus Compact member institution (check here) and serving rural communities in any capacity, join our Rural Serving Institutions Affinity Network. An ongoing collegial network of institutions, this affinity group provides networking, partnership building, best practices, and discussion about the unique role rural serving institutions play.

Arranged by 'sphere of engagement' to help you find what's right for you

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Practical Ideas
  • Building social capital with interprofessional student teams in rural settings: A service-learning model.
    • Published: 2016, Authors: Craig, P. L., Phillips, C., & Hall, S.
    • Summary: "The article by Craig et al. (2015) discusses the implementation and outcomes of the Health ‘Hubs and Spokes’ (HHS) Project, an interprofessional learning (IPL) initiative designed to foster collaboration among health students through service learning in rural Australian communities. This model brought together medical, pharmacy, nursing, and allied health students from various universities to work on locally relevant projects, promoting skills in teamwork and community engagement while addressing specific health issues. Key findings include improved interprofessional relationships, sustainable changes in health service delivery, and enhanced local awareness on health topics such as chronic illness care, intellectual disability, and stroke rehabilitation.

      The HHS Project's approach provides valuable implications for rural community engagement at colleges and universities. It demonstrates that IPL and service-learning can simultaneously strengthen local health services and develop students’ professional competencies, building social capital within rural settings. The project underlines the importance of community-based facilitators, who supported student teams and ensured alignment with local priorities. For institutions, this model offers a pathway to engage students in meaningful, community-centered work that supports both educational goals and community health outcomes, suggesting it as a sustainable and impactful approach for rural health education."

 

  • Amplifying community partner voices in rural community service-learning partnerships
    • Published: 2022, Authors: Paulson, L.R. & Davis, C.
    • Summary: The article investigates the experiences and perspectives of rural community partners involved in service-learning (CSL) with higher education institutions. Through mixed methods, it highlights the need for deeper trust, communication, and reciprocity in CSL partnerships. Findings reveal that while many community partners appreciate the support, some experience challenges with academic timelines, student readiness, and communication. For colleges, this study underscores the value of fostering authentic, mutually beneficial relationships to improve CSL outcomes and long-term engagement in rural settings.

 

  • Lessons for service learning in rural areas.
    • Published: 2004, Authors: Harris, G.
    • Summary: This article provides input for strategies and challenges to rural engagement in its examples from St. Lawrence University. This case study proposes the bernefits of curricular research seminars rather than conventional internships, due to potential shortages of partners agencies and sparse populations. The author emphasizes the importance of understnading the local sociopolitical context and tailoring community engagemenet experiences directly to community needs. The practical examples in this article offer a valuable resource for administrators or faculty who are developing service learning programs in rural areas by highlighting strategies to foster reciprocal partnerships that benefit the community and students.

 

  • The impact of community service learning in a rural community on undergraduate students.
    • Published: 2018, Authors: Paulson, L.
    • Summary: "The study ""The Impact of Community Service-Learning in a Rural Community on Undergraduate Students"" explores how a community service-learning (CSL) course, specifically for clinical psychology students, impacts undergraduate participants' personal, academic, and civic development in rural settings. Using a mixed-methods approach, this study involved 45 undergraduate students who completed reflective assignments and surveys to capture their learning outcomes. Additionally, CSL partners provided qualitative insights through interviews, offering a community perspective on the experience. Findings indicate that students gained a deeper understanding of course concepts, heightened awareness of social issues such as privilege and access to mental health resources, and stronger empathy for rural communities facing unique challenges like economic hardship and limited healthcare availability.

      For colleges and universities involved in rural community engagement, this study highlights the importance of integrating CSL into curricula to bridge theoretical knowledge with real-world application, especially within rural contexts. Practical recommendations suggest that CSL initiatives can foster student commitment to social responsibility and enhance cross-cultural competency, encouraging students to engage actively in diverse and underserved communities. Engaging students in CSL within rural areas not only supports academic growth but also contributes to community capacity-building, enhancing mutual benefits between students and rural organizations."

 

  • Community Engagement and Innovation in a Rural Setting
    • Published: 2021, Authors: Zehr, W.
    • Summary: "Eastern Oregon University (EOU) offers a capstone program where students collaborate with community partners to develop creative solutions to real-world challenges. In this program, students work closely with clients to draft a project scope, conduct thorough research, and present solutions driven by both analytical insights and creative thinking. Since 2015, the program has seen students complete over 70 projects with various community partners. You’ll explore the program's objectives, step-by-step structure, and review examples of past projects. This initiative showcases how hands-on learning fosters skills in both innovation and problem-solving. EOU proudly holds the designation of Oregon’s 'rural university.'

 

  • What is social capital? A study of interaction in a rural community.
    • Published: 2000, Authors: Falk, I. & Kilpatrick, A.
    • Summary: "This article investigates the concept of social capital through a case study in a rural Australian community, exploring how interactions at the micro-level contribute to broader social cohesion and community resilience. By examining routine interactions within this rural community, the study identifies social capital as a dynamic resource that is simultaneously used and built through social interactions. The authors categorize social capital into ""knowledge resources"" (such as shared information, skills, and community norms) and ""identity resources"" (which include elements like trust, commitment, and community identity), asserting that both are essential for fostering cooperation and civic engagement.

      The findings suggest that social capital is integral to supporting community development and that educational institutions, including rural colleges and universities, could play a significant role by promoting programs that cultivate these interactions. For rural community engagement efforts in higher education, this model highlights the importance of fostering interactions that build trust and shared knowledge, reinforcing a sense of collective identity and resilience that benefits both students and local communities."

 

  • Community Engagement Toolkit Family-School-Community Engagement: Focus on Rural Communities
    • Published: 2015, Authors: Center for Rural Health, University of North Dakota
    • Summary: "The Community Engagement Toolkit for Rural Hospitals and Clinics, developed by the University of North Dakota’s Center for Rural Health, is designed to aid healthcare organizations in fostering sustainable community partnerships. It provides structured approaches for healthcare providers to engage with rural communities, emphasizing collaborative problem-solving to address local health challenges. Key elements of the toolkit include strategies for assessing community needs, building cross-sector partnerships, and facilitating community-driven initiatives. These tools help organizations support public health efforts that are responsive to local priorities.

      For colleges and universities, particularly those with rural engagement initiatives, the toolkit offers actionable insights that can be integrated into community health and service-learning programs. By adopting these approaches, academic institutions can enhance their role in promoting public health and community resilience in rural areas. The toolkit underscores the importance of long-term engagement, mutual benefit, and local leadership, making it a valuable resource for fostering impactful relationships with rural communities."

 

  • Community Engagement at Warren Wilson College
    • Published: 2024, Authors: Warren Wilson College
    • Summary: Warren Wilson College’s Community Engagement Office integrates community service into the student experience by requiring all students to participate in service-learning, community-engaged courses, internships, and community service projects. The college partners with local organizations to address issues like environmental sustainability, food security, housing, and social justice. This hands-on approach fosters a sense of civic responsibility and equips students with skills to impact their communities positively.

 

  • Service Learning in the Rural Community College
    • Published: 2003, Authors: Holton, N.
    • Summary: This article provides an early perspective of the unique challenges and benefits for rural community colleges. Challenges include large geographical areas of service, financial resource limitations, and low population density. In contrast, advantages for rural community colleges emphasize institutional flexibility and responsiveness to the community needs, strong local partnership and coordination, and fewer bureaucratic hurdles. This resource may be helpful to understand how rural colleges can develop successful service learning programs and strategies for community engagement, while overcoming the challenges that are common for smaller community colleges.

 

  • UGA provides tools for rural community engagement and economic success
    • Published: 2022, Authors: Blanchard, M.
    • Summary: The PROPEL (Planning Rural Opportunities for Propserity and Economic Leadership) program throgh UGA provides resoruces and tools for rural communities to build sustainable economic and workforce development systems. This article provides a glimpse at a replicatable model for building local capacity and addressing workforce development challenges by addressing "brain drain" in rural regions by engaging local stakeholders, gathering community input, and highlighting economic assets.

 

  • Civic Engagement at a Small Rural College: If We Can Do It...
    • Published: 2016, Authors: Hoffman, K.
    • Summary: The article describes Allegany College of Maryland’s (ACM) initiative to foster civic engagement through The Democracy Commitment (TDC). With limited resources typical of rural colleges, ACM employed cocurricular civic presentations rather than a full curricular pathway. Findings reveal that repeated exposure to civic events increases student interest in community involvement and political engagement, while certain event types (e.g., documentaries) are especially impactful. For rural colleges, this model provides a sustainable framework for enhancing civic agency and building community ties.

 

  • Spiraling-up: Mapping community transformation with community capitals framework.
    • Published: 2006, Authors: Emery, M., & Flora, C.
    • Summary: "This article explores the use of the Community Capitals Framework (CCF) to drive positive transformation in rural communities, with a focus on social capital as a foundation for growth. Through the HomeTown Competitiveness program in rural Nebraska, the authors illustrate how targeted investments in areas such as human, social, and financial capital can foster sustainable development, reversing economic decline and strengthening community resilience.

      This approach has practical implications for rural community engagement in colleges and universities by providing a model to foster multi-dimensional growth in local communities. Academic institutions can utilize the CCF to guide students and faculty in collaborative, asset-based community engagement that emphasizes long-term impact, making it highly relevant for projects addressing economic, educational, and social challenges in rural settings. This strategy encourages the alignment of campus resources with community priorities, promoting a sustainable, inclusive approach to rural development and enhancing the effectiveness of community engagement efforts."

Educational Access
  • Extension and Higher Education Service- Learning: Toward a Community Development Service-Learning Model.
    • Published: 2014, Authors: Stoecker, R.
    • Summary: "In this article, Randy Stoecker explores how Cooperative Extension services and higher education service-learning can better integrate, focusing on Extension educators in Wisconsin. He highlights that despite shared missions of community engagement, there is a disconnect; Extension educators often lack opportunities and best practices for working with service-learning students, partly due to limited outreach from universities. Stoecker presents four collaborative models: direct service support, Extension as client, Extension as broker, and community development service-learning. Each model aims to deepen collaboration, offering various levels of involvement for students to meet both community and Extension needs.

      Stoecker emphasizes that by embracing these models, colleges and universities can create more meaningful service-learning experiences that enhance Extension’s local impact while providing students with valuable, real-world experience. For institutions interested in rural engagement, these models demonstrate that structured, mutually beneficial partnerships with Extension can serve as a sustainable framework for community development. This approach helps bridge the gap between theory and practice, fostering long-term relationships that benefit both rural communities and educational institutions."

 

  • College of Education Receives $1.5 Million Grant to Lead Tennessee Rural Principals Network
    • Published: 2024, Authors: Davis, C.
    • Summary: "Belmont University’s College of Education has received a $1.5 million grant to lead the Tennessee Rural Principals Network, which will support 450 rural school principals over three years. This initiative provides professional development, leadership coaching, and peer connections to address unique challenges in rural education. Collaborating with the Thomas F. Frist, Jr. College of Medicine and other partners, Belmont aims to improve leadership and retention among rural principals, ultimately enhancing outcomes for rural communities."

 

  • Rural community college excellence: A guide to delivering strong opportunity for students and communities.
    • Published: 2023, Authors: Barrett, B., Bevevino, D., Larkin, A., & Wyner, J.
    • Summary: The Aspen Institute’s Rural Community College Excellence Guide highlights strategies rural community colleges use to advance student success. It emphasizes creating pathways to economic mobility, boosting enrollment and retention, fostering strategic partnerships, and leveraging small size to benefit students and communities. Key recommendations include aligning programs with regional workforce needs, supporting financial stability, and enhancing transfer opportunities. This guide serves as a practical framework for rural colleges aiming to increase equitable outcomes for students.

 

  • Family-School-Community Engagement: Focus on Rural Communities
    • Authors: James Madison University
    • Summary: The Quick Information Guide on Family-School-Community Engagement for Rural Schools by James Madison University highlights the significance of collaborative partnerships between families, schools, and communities, especially in rural areas. It outlines barriers unique to rural settings and provides strategies to foster welcoming, inclusive environments and two-way communication. Emphasizing mutual learning and family involvement, the guide aims to improve student outcomes by building robust support networks.

 

  • Engagement education: A model of community-youth engagement in rural Appalachia.
    • Published: 2016, Authors: Casapulla, S., & Hess, M. E.
    • Summary: "This article introduces a framework called ""engagement education"" that emphasizes place-focused, project-based, asset-driven, and democratically oriented learning. This model, based on a project with rural high school students in Appalachia, engages students, educators, and community members in collaborative problem-solving, with students taking an active role in community-centered projects. Findings suggest this approach fosters local pride, student agency, and stronger connections across generations, which are essential for sustaining rural community engagement initiatives.

      For colleges and universities, this model offers a replicable approach for rural community engagement that benefits both students and local communities. By grounding education in local contexts, it enables students to build critical thinking and civic engagement skills, positioning them as active contributors to their communities. This approach underscores the importance of connecting academic institutions with rural areas in meaningful, mutually beneficial partnerships that address real-world issues."

Economic & Workforce Development
  • A community development approach to service-learning: Building social capital between rural youth and adults 
    • Published: 2013, Authors: Henness, S.A., Ball, A.L., & Moncheski, M.
    • Summary: "This article explores a community development approach to service-learning focused on building social capital between rural youth and adults, using case studies of 4-H and FFA programs in Missouri. By engaging youth in service-learning projects that address local needs, such as poverty alleviation and community enhancement, these programs foster meaningful intergenerational partnerships that strengthen community ties. Findings from case studies reveal that through long-term collaboration on projects, youth and adults develop a sense of mutual respect, build community connections, and increase civic engagement. Additionally, youth gain skills in leadership and social responsibility, while adults gain insights into the value and capabilities of young people.

      The study highlights five key elements for building social capital through service-learning: sustained youth-adult partnerships, broad community involvement, shared leadership, long-term focus on community issues, and public recognition of youth contributions. For educators and practitioners, this model suggests that service-learning can effectively support both youth development and rural community resilience by creating inclusive, cross-generational networks that mobilize community resources for long-term impact​."

 

  • "Bringing the University to Rural Ontario: Brokering Campus & Community Engagement in Haliburton"
    • Published: 2018, Authors: Rural Policy Learning Commons
    • Summary: This webinar will explore the 30-year history of a relationship between Trent University and the rural community of Haliburton, Ontario in community development and policy change. An overview of the role of U-Links Community-Based Research Centre, a community-based organization that brokers the relationship between the community and the university will be provided (Blake) along with the perspective of a faculty member (Hill) whose students have been engaged for many years in the community and masters student (Amon) who has participated in numerous community-based research projects and is now researching the impact of this work on the community (Rural Policy Commons, 2018).

 

  • Asset-Based, Sustainable Local Economic Development: Using Community Participation to Improve Quality of Life Across Rural, Small-Town, and Urban Communities
    • Published: 2022, Authors: Kammer-Kerwick, M., Takasaki, K., Kellison, J.B., & Sternberg, J.
    • Summary: "This article examines how factors like community characteristics, personal values, and satisfaction with local assets influence preferences for community development projects across Texas. Surveying over 5,400 residents from 85 Texas communities, including rural, small-town, and urban areas, the study analyzes preferences for projects like downtown renovations, community health centers, and high-speed internet expansion. The research employs an asset-based, sustainable local economic development (SLED) approach, focusing on how community priorities and individual perspectives shape development decisions, especially in rural areas where resources are limited.

      The findings reveal that residents' project preferences are shaped by various factors, including personal values, community satisfaction, and proximity to urban centers, with notable differences based on age, income, and minority status. For colleges and universities engaging with rural communities, the study underscores the importance of participatory approaches that consider local perspectives and prioritize projects aligned with both community and economic goals. This approach can support more responsive and sustainable community development by aligning initiatives with the actual needs and values of rural residents."

Health & Medicine
  • How we incorporated service learning into a medical student rural clinical training experience 
    • Published: 2015, Authors: Porter, J., Quinn, K., Kane., K., Stevermer, J., & Webb, W.
    • Summary: "This article discusses the integration of a service-learning component into the University of Missouri School of Medicine's Rural Track Clerkship (RTC) Program, known as the Community Integration Program (CIP). Designed to address rural physician shortages, the CIP allows medical students to identify and address community health needs through voluntary projects, such as organizing health education programs or establishing clinics. From 2007 to 2013, 53% of RTC students participated in CIP, reporting increased awareness of rural health challenges, stronger connections to the community, and improved cultural and communication skills.

      The CIP highlights the importance of community engagement as a complement to clinical training in rural areas. By working directly with local organizations, students gain firsthand experience in addressing healthcare disparities and fostering public health. This approach aims to deepen students' interest in rural medicine, enhancing both their preparation for rural practice and potentially their long-term commitment to such communities"

 

  • How health professionals conceive and construct interprofessional practice in rural settings: A qualitative study.
    • Published: 2013, Authors: Parker, V. et al.
    • Summary: "This article explores the conception and implementation of interprofessional practice (IPP) among health professionals in rural Australian settings. Through qualitative interviews with clinicians, managers, and policymakers, the study identifies key factors that enable or hinder IPP in rural healthcare. Enablers include community connections, co-location of services, and pivotal roles (like discharge planners) that bridge service areas, while significant barriers include workforce shortages, workload pressures, and professional hierarchies. The findings underscore the unique challenges rural settings face, such as fragmented services and a lack of role clarity across disciplines, which can impede effective teamwork.

      For colleges and universities involved in rural community engagement, the study suggests that IPP efforts can enhance service capacity and professional satisfaction in these areas. Educational programs that prepare students for the complexities of rural IPP and foster respect for diverse roles within healthcare could help alleviate professional isolation and improve patient outcomes in underserved communities."

 

  • Evaluating Rural Community Health Programs
    • Authors: Rural Health Information Hub

    • Summary: The Rural Community Health Toolkit on Rural Health Information Hub provides guidance on evaluating rural health programs, emphasizing data collection, analysis, and reporting. Its evaluation tools help institutions gauge program effectiveness, identify areas for improvement, and demonstrate impact to stakeholders. Colleges and universities can use this toolkit to enhance their rural community engagement initiatives by building evidence-based practices, ensuring accountability, and driving continuous improvement in community health efforts.

Technological Advancements & Broadband Access
  • How Universities and Institutions are Promoting Broadband Access in Underserved Communities
    • Published: 2024, Authors: Connected Nation
    • Summary: The article on Connected Nation explores how universities and institutions are enhancing broadband access in underserved communities, highlighting initiatives that address digital inequities through partnerships, digital literacy training, and infrastructure improvements. These programs are crucial for fostering digital inclusion, supporting education, and enabling economic opportunities in rural and low-income areas. Universities play a vital role by leveraging resources, conducting research, and creating community programs to bridge the digital divide.

 

  • Rural Broadband in Tennessee
    • Published: 2024, Authors: Office of Community Engagement & Outreach, Access & Engagement
    • Summary: The University of Tennessee’s rural broadband project provides mobile hotspots to underserved rural communities through local libraries, aiming to improve educational and workforce opportunities. Patrons can check out hotspots for free, offering temporary internet access and gathering feedback to gauge community needs. The project has seen high demand, supporting student education, adult job training, and community connections. By collecting data on usage and willingness to pay, UT identifies scalable strategies to bridge the digital divide, underscoring the critical role of universities in enhancing digital inclusion for rural areas.
Rural Homelessness & Food Insecurity
  • Food Insecurity in Tennessee Higher Education
    • Published: 2023, Authors: Tennessee Higher Education Commission
    • Summary: The Tennessee Higher Education Commission's Food Insecurity Report examines food insecurity among students at Tennessee’s public colleges and universities, highlighting that up to 30% of students may experience limited food access. Through surveys and convenings, the report identifies key challenges and varying institutional approaches to support students. Recommendations include increasing resource awareness, establishing dedicated budgets for student needs, and exploring a "Hunger Free Campus" policy. For rural community engagement, this report underscores the importance of targeted support systems for student success.

 

  • Communities and colleges partnering to address the affordable housing shortage
    • Published: 2023, Authors: Baker-Smith, C.
    • Summary: The National League of Cities article discusses collaborative efforts between colleges and communities to address affordable housing shortages. It highlights partnerships where universities leverage resources—such as land and funding—to increase housing options for students and locals, thus alleviating housing insecurity. Examples include renovating dorms for underserved students, leasing land for community housing, and "home-share" programs pairing students with local residents. This approach strengthens "town-gown" relationships, offering a model for universities in rural areas to enhance housing access. While this article is not focused on rural engagement, there could be strategies to glean for implementation to support efforts to end homelessness in rural areas.
Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
  • The impact of service-learning on students’ cultural competence.
    • Published: 2012, Authors: Chen, H.-C., McAdams-Jones, D., Tay, D. L., & Packer, J. M.
    • Summary: "This article explores the impact of a service-learning project on nursing students' cultural competence, specifically within a community clinic setting serving culturally diverse populations. Using a quasi-experimental design, the study assessed cultural competence among students engaged in a service-learning project in comparison to those who were not. Students in the experimental group demonstrated significant improvements in cultural knowledge and overall cultural competence, particularly through direct interaction with patients from different cultural backgrounds and reflective journaling on their experiences.

      The findings underscore service-learning's potential as a teaching strategy to enhance cultural competence in nursing education. Through real-world engagement and structured reflection, students became more culturally aware and better equipped to provide appropriate care to diverse populations. For colleges and universities, particularly in health professions education, integrating service-learning into curricula can bridge classroom learning with practical skills in cultural sensitivity, making it a valuable model for preparing students to address the needs of increasingly diverse communities."

Sustainability & Conservation
  • Service-learning: A tool to create social capital for collaborative natural resource management.
    • Published: 2015, Authors: Coleman, K., & Danks, C.
    • Summary: "The article examines how service-learning can be used to build social capital for collaborative natural resource management. Through a case study of the Harwood Union Forest Project, where university students, faculty, and local stakeholders worked together on a sustainable forest management plan, the authors found that service-learning helps foster networks, trust, norms, and reciprocity among participants. These elements of social capital were essential to overcoming common challenges in collaborative resource management, such as varied priorities and limited resources.

      This study highlights the potential of service-learning for universities and communities aiming to engage collaboratively in environmental projects. By establishing norms and emphasizing reciprocal relationships, service-learning initiatives can enhance local capacity for sustainable management, benefiting both students and community partners. For colleges and universities, the findings suggest that service-learning in environmental studies not only provides students with practical skills but also promotes a collaborative mindset essential for effective resource management in diverse community settings."

General
  • The Landscape of Rural Service Learning and What It Teaches Us All
    • Published: 2017, Authors: Stoecker, R., Holton, N., & Ganzert, C.
    • Summary: Historically, most research on service learning has centered around urban environments, leaving rural communities less explored. The Landscape of Rural Service Learning, and What It Teaches Us All aims to fill this gap by offering an in-depth view of service learning in rural settings. In these areas, where nonprofits and other support systems commonly found in cities are often scarce, unique practices have emerged. These approaches offer valuable insights that challenge the urban-centric norms of service learning. With fewer formal organizations available, people in rural areas collaborate more directly, making service learning an integral, community-driven experience rather than just an academic requirement. This book brings together theoretical perspectives rooted in rural realities, firsthand stories of rural service learning in action, adaptable strategies for any setting, and thoughtful considerations for advancing meaningful service learning for all.

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